Roles of Copper in Aquaculture

Hemocyanin Formation: Copper is a component of hemocyanin, a respiratory pigment in many invertebrates, aiding in oxygen transport.

Enzyme Activity: Copper is involved in the activity of several enzymes, including those involved in energy metabolism and antioxidant defense.

Pigmentation: Copper contributes to the pigmentation of fish and other aquatic organisms.

Immune Function: Copper plays a role in immune function, helping to protect organisms from diseases.